[348] [38], According to a survey of religion in China in the year 2010, the number of people practicing some form of Chinese folk religion is near to 950 million (70% of the Chinese),[39] of which 173 million (13%) practice some form of Taoist-defined folk faith. Every year about 150 . [124][a] Countries with the largest numbers of Muslims converted to Christianity according to this study include Indonesia (6,500,000),[125] Nigeria (600,000),[125] Iran (500,000 versus only 500 in 1979),[125] the United States (450,000),[126] Ethiopia (400,000) and Algeria (380,000). Abu Bakr Islam is projected to have a net gain of followers in Sub-Saharan Africa (+2.9 million) and Asia-Pacific (+0.95 million), but net loss of followers in North America (-0.58 million) and Europe (-0.06 million). Those who embrace Islam tend to do so after years of contact with Muslims. [270] The fertility rate for Israeli Druze in 2017 is 2.1 children per woman, while the fertility rate among Jewish women (3.2) and Muslim women (3.4) and the fertility rate among Israeli Christian women (1.9). ", "Losing their religion: the hidden crisis of faith among Britain's young Muslims", "Losing Their Religion: When Muslim Immigrants Leave Islam", "Iranians have lost their faith according to survey", " ", "5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe", "The Future of the Global Muslim Population - Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life", World Muslim population doubling, report projects, Fewer differences between foreign-born and Swedish born childbearing women. [62] Changes in worldwide Protestantism over the last century have been significant. [500][492], India has the world's largest Zoroastrian population who are called Parsis. [334] A 2007 Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) report argued that some Muslim population projections are overestimated, as they assume that all descendants of Muslims will become Muslims even in cases of mixed parenthood. [318] With 3.1 children per woman, Muslims have higher fertility levels than the world's overall population between 2010 and 2015. [248] According to scholar Wang Zuoa, 500,000 Chinese converts to Protestantism annually. [115][116] According to study by Pew Research Center in 2021, around 19% of American those who say they were raised Jewish or who had at least one Jewish parent now identify as Christian. Based on the data from 49 Muslim-majority countries and territories, he found that Muslims' birth rate has significantly dropped for 41% between 1975 and 1980 to 200510 while the global population decline was 33% during that period. [118] Many Muslims who convert to Christianity face social and governmental persecution. No destruction was permitted. In the aftermath of the Cold War, one could say that Europe needed a new archetypal enemy, and research shows that Muslim immigrants gradually took on that status. But what does Hajj constitute and why is it so. [61] According to scholar Keith Smith of Georgia State University "many scholars claim that Pentecostalism is the fastest growing religious phenomenon in human history",[15] and according to scholar Peter L. Berger of Boston University "the spread of Pentecostal Christianity may be the fastest growing movement in the history of religion". [199] Also according to the historian Daniel Pipes of Harvard University and University of Chicago,[200] and a researcher specializing in criticism of Islam, "reports of widespread conversions of Muslims to Christianity come from regions as disparate as Algeria, Albania, Syria, and Kurdistan",[133] in northern Iraq and Algeria, the conversions of Kurds and Berbers to Christianity are unusually high. [451][452] According to Anne Elizabeth Wynn of The Statesman, "The two most recent American Religious Identification Surveys declare Wicca, one form of paganism, as the fastest growing spiritual identification in America". [117], According to the historian Geoffrey Blainey from the University of Melbourne, since the 1960s there has been a substantial increase in the number of conversions from Islam to Christianity, mostly to the Evangelical and Pentecostal forms. [359] By 2050 Asia will be home to (52.8%) of the world's Muslims, and about (24.3%) of the world's Muslims will live in Sub Saharan Africa, (20%) the Middle East and North Africa, and 2% in Europe. [518] Adherence data is largely compiled from census and surveys. As teenagers and 20-somethings seek to earn a. Islam has also been shaped by those who leave it and this happened early on in the formation of an Islamic community in seventh century Arabia. ", Jenkins, Philip. [201] According to Guinness, approximately 12.5 million more people who converted to Islam than people who converted to Christianity between 1990 and 2000. [333] On the other hand, the increasingly large ex-Muslim communities in the Western world that adhere to no religion have been well documented. Professor Eric Kaufmann, whose academic specialization is how demography affects irreligion/religion/politics, wrote in 2012: In my book, Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth? (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main [463] Today, India is home to the largest Sikh population with 1.7% of its population, or about 20 million people identifying as Sikh. There is an ongoing silent migration away from the church of an estimated 3,500 individuals each and every day. About a quarter say they preferred the beliefs or teachings of Islam to those of their prior religion, while 21% say they read religious texts or studied Islam before making the decision to switch. only for their zeal to wane (note the flagging case of Zoroastrianism). The absolute number of Muslims is also expected to increase in regions with smaller Muslim populations such as Europe and North America,[360] due to young age & relatively high fertility rate. The survey was conducted in June 2020 for 15 days from June 17th to July 1st in 2020 and reflects the views of the educated people of Iran over the age of 19 (equivalent to 85% of Adults in Iran) and can be generalized to apply to this entire demographic. When we first conducted a study of Muslim Americans in 2007, we estimated that there were 2.35 million Muslims of all ages (including 1.5 million adults) in the U.S. By 2011, the number of Muslims had grown to 2.75 million (including 1.8 million adults). [501][502] According to the National Commission for Minorities, there are a "variety of causes that are responsible for this steady decline in the population of the community", the most significant of which were childlessness and migration-[503] Demographic trends project that by the year 2020 the Parsis will number only 23,000. [301], On the other hand, in 2010, the Pew Forum found "that statistical data for Muslim conversions is scarce and as per their little available information, there is no substantial net gain or loss of Muslims due to religious conversion. While all these deaths are not attributable to ISIS alone, ISIS is . [320] As per U.N.'s global population forecasts, as well as the Additionally, in some countries, legal and social consequences make conversion difficult. 2002. To get an isolated comparison of suicide across the world we can use suicide rates - these measure the number of suicides per 100,000 . It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. [387], Today, the majority of the world's Jewish population is concentrated in two countries, the United States and Israel,[389] in 2013, the United States and Israel were collectively home to more than 80percent of the global Jewish population, each country having approximately 41percent of the world's Jews. After the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, the young Muslim federation came under strain. [83], The US Department of State estimated in 2005 that Protestants in Vietnam may have grown by 600% over the previous 10 years. "[294], Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the world. The WRD is edited by demographers Todd M. Johnson[520] and Brian J. Look at who is 'going forth and multiplying', FAQ from Adherents.com describing why it is difficult to measure the fastest-growing religion, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Growth_of_religion&oldid=1141030901, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 00:39. [327] In Europe Muslim population will be nearly double (from 5.9% to 10.2%). Since 2010, the rate of increase was of 0.3% in the Americas and Europe. Statistics published in: Katharina Wenzel-Teuber, David Strait. Religion remains one of modern Malaysia's most sensitive topics, especially when it comes to Islam, the country's official faith . Hinduism is the largest religion in the countries of India, Nepal, and Mauritius. [498] Recent estimates place the current number of Zoroastrians at around 110,000120,000,[499] at most with the majority living in India, Iran, and North America; their number has been thought to be declining. [26], Only in recent decades have surveys begun to measure changes in religious identity among individuals. [74], According to a 2005 paper submitted to a meeting of the American Political Science Association, most of Christianity's growth has occurred in non-Western countries. Muslim women's low educational attainment is a likely factor; demographers find that higher educational attainment among women is tied to lower fertility rates". "They were reporting on the mass conversions of Muslimsas many as 6-8 millionin sub-Saharan, Africa, and they have repeated the warning every year," he said. [237] While on the other hand, in 2017, scholars Landon Schnabel and Sean Bock at Harvard University and Indiana University argued that while "Mainline Protestant" churches has declined in the United States since the late 1980s, but many of them do not leave Christianity, but rather convert to another Christian denomination, in particularly to evangelicalism. [459] The decline is largely due to the advanced age (median age of 34) and low fertility among unaffiliated or Nonreligious (1.7 children per woman in the 20102015 period). In other words, Christianity as a whole loses more people than it gains from religious switching (conversions in both directions) in the U.S., while the net effect on Islam in America is a wash. A 2017 Pew Research Center survey of U.S. Muslims, using slightly different questions than the 2014 survey, found a similar estimate (24%) of the share of those who were raised Muslim but have left Islam. [446][447], In terms of absolute numbers, irreligion appears to be increasing (along with secularization generally). Hinduism's 10-year growth rate is estimated at 20% (based on the period 1991 to 2001), corresponding to a yearly growth close to 2%. [349] The prospect of a homogenous Muslim community per se, or a Muslim majority in Europe is however out of the question. [440][441][442], Because Bah's do not represent the majority of the population in any country,[443] and most often represent only a tiny fraction of countries' total populations,[444] there are problems of under-reporting. [409][410] In 2013, two scholars of demography wrote that, "The Baha'i Faith is the only religion to have grown faster in every United Nations region over the past 100 years than the general population; Bahai (sic) was thus the fastest-growing religion between 1910 and 2010, growing at least twice as fast as the population of almost every UN region. [297] According to the BBC, a comprehensive American study concluded in 2009 that the number of Muslims worldwide stood at about 23% of the world's population with 60% of the world's Muslims living in Asia. [391], Orthodox and Conservative Judaism discourage proselytism to non-Jews,[392] but many Jewish groups have tried to reach out to the assimilated Jewish communities of the Diaspora in order for them to reconnect to their Jewish roots. Thus, this report excludes religious conversion as a direct factor from the projection of Muslim population growth. Reaching Iranians online Iran's census claims that 99.5% of the population are Muslim, a figure that hides the state's active hostility toward irreligiosity, conversion and unrecognised religious. More recently (20002010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and some African countries. [3] A comprehensive religious forecast for 2050 by the Pew Research Center predicts that the global Muslim population will grow at a faster rate than the Christian population primarily due to the average younger age and higher fertility rate of Muslims. Among this group, 55% no longer identify with any religion, according to the 2017 survey. In sociology, desecularization is the proliferation or growth of religion, most commonly after a period of previous secularization. [104][105][106] In Brazil, the total number of Protestants jumped from 16.2% in 2000[107] to 22.2% in 2010 (for the first time, the percentage of Catholics in Brazil is less than 70%). [342] Pew study also reveals that Muslims are younger than other Europeans. Table 4.1: Police officer leavers, by route of exit, years ending 31 March . By contrast, during the same time period, the religiously unaffiliated category went from 17 percent in 2009 to 26 percent a decade later. [249] According to the Council on Foreign Relations the "number of Chinese Protestants has grown by an average of 10 percent annually since 1979". [110], The 19th century saw at least 250,000 Jews convert to Christianity according to existing records of various societies. [312] According to The Huffington Post, "observers estimate that as many as 20,000 Americans convert to Islam annually. [283] Approximately 94% of the world's Hindus live in India. Grim, International religious demographic statistics and sources, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 00:39, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Christianity has grown rapidly in South Korea, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans, List of countries by Zoroastrian population, Religious Projections for the Next 200 Years, "The Future of Global Muslim Population: Projections from 2010 to 2013", "A Religious Forecast For 2050: Atheism Is Down, Islam Is Rising", "Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group", The Future of the Global Muslim Population, 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199920570.001.0001, 10.1525/california/9780520266612.001.0001, "Pentecostalismthe fastest growing religion on earth", "Pentecostalism: Massive Global Growth Under the Radar", "More Religion, but Not the Old-Time Kind", "Witnessing The New Reach Of Pentecostalism", "Max Weber and Pentecostals in Latin America: The Protestant Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital", "Protestantism: The fastest growing religion in the developing world", "The Future of the Global Muslim Population", "The countries where apostasy is punishable by death", "The Changing Global Religious Landscape", "Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 20102050, p.43", "The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010", "The Global Religious Landscape: Buddhists", People's Republic of China: Religions and Churches Statistical Overview 2011, "Global Christianity: Regional Distribution of Christians", The Future of World Religions p.8 Table: Size and Projected Growth of Major Religious Groups, "The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions", "Christianity 2018: More African Christians and Counting Martyrs", "Africa overtakes Latin America for the highest Christian population", "Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume Set", The Global Religious Landscape: Christians, "The Future of World Religions; Regional Change p.60", "Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues", "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe", "Turning point in Christianity: Eastern Europe in the late 20th Century", "Engendering Charismatic Economies: Pentecostalism, Global Political Economy, and the Crisis of Social Reproduction", "Study: Christianity growth soars in Africa", "China on course to become 'world's most Christian nation' within 15 years", "The State Of Pentecostalism In Southeast Asia: Ethnicity, Class And Leadership Analysis", "Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region", "6 facts about South Korea's growing Christian population", "Annual Report on International Religious Freedom for 2005 Vietnam", "Better-educated S'pore residents look to religion", China accused of trying to 'co-opt and emasculate' Christianity, "AFP: In Indonesia, Lunar New Year an old practice for young Christians", "In Indonesia, Lunar New Year an old practice for young Christians", "Religious Demographic Profiles Pew Forum", "VATICAN - CATHOLIC CHURCH STATISTICS 2018 - Agenzia Fides", "Think religion is in decline? They were sometimes effectively unable to prevent conversion but they were certainly not going to use force to achieve it. [206] Converting to Christianity is growing among Muslims in the Albanian diaspora,[207][208] Iranian diaspora,[209] and Syrian diaspora,[210] and among Muslim Maghrebis in France,[211] and Kurds and Turks in Germany. Toleransi yang mengundang murka Allah [385] However, the poll tax known as Jizyah may have played a part in converting people over to Islam but as Britannica notes "The rate of taxation and methods of collection varied greatly from province to province and were greatly influenced by local pre-Islamic customs" and there were even cases when Muslims had the tax levied against them, on top of Zakat. [319] A new study of Population Reference Bureau by demographers Charles Westoff and Tomas Frejka suggests that the fertility gap between Muslims and non-Muslims is shrinking and although the Muslim immigrants do have more children than other Europeans their fertility tends to decline over time, often faster than among non-Muslims. "Five Centuries After Reformation, Catholic-Protestant Divide in Western Europe Has Faded," Pew Research Center, 31 August 2017, 5/11, Garrison, David; 2014; "A Wind in the House of Islam: How God Is Drawing Muslims Around The World To Faith in Jesus Christ"; WIGTake Resources. [38] According to scholar Mark Juergensmeyer of University of California, Berkeley, the global Christian population increased at an average annual rate of 2.3%, while Roman Catholicism is growing by 1.3% annually, Protestantism is growing by 3.3% annually, and Evangelicalism and Pentecostalism is growing by 7% annually. ", "A PORTRAIT OF JEWISH AMERICANS: Chapter 1: Population Estimates", "American-Jewish Population Rises to 6.8 Million", Arena Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia, "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census", "The Perilous Path from Muslim to Christian", "GOD IN THE "LAND OF THE MERCEDES" THE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES IN ALBANIA SINCE 1990", "Better than Muslims, Not as Good as Greeks: Emigration as Experienced and Imagined by the Albanian Christians of Lunxhri", "Albanian Immigrants in the Greek City: Spatial 'Invisibility' and Identity Management as a Strategy of Adaptation", "Kabylia: Christian Churches Closed by Algerian Authorities", "Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada", "U.S. Report on Religious Freedom in Middle East", "The Catholic and Protestant churches are working together to draw up guidelines for conversions", "European churches say growing flock of Muslim refugees are converting", "The treatment of Christians in Bangladesh", "Country Policy and Information Note - Bangladesh: Religious minorities and atheists", "Urban culture, religious conversion, and crossing ethnic fluidity among the Bulgarian Muslims ("Pomaks")", "Islam in Denmark an historical overview", "Why Are So Many Muslim Refugees in Europe Suddenly Finding Jesus? [381] Since non-Muslims are not required to pay Zakat nor entitled to benefit from it, they had to support their own poor and in addition they had to pay Jizya if they wanted the same protections the Muslims received. What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S. [90] Some reports also show that the number of the Chinese Indonesians Christians have increased,[91][92] according to scholar Gavin W. Jones of Australian National University, "there has been a rapid growth in the number of Chinese Christians" in Indonesia, and "conversion of Chinese to Christianity accelerated in the 1960s, especially in East Java, and for Indonesia as a whole the proportion of Chinese who were Catholics rose from 2 percent in 1957 to 6 percent in 1969". According to statistics in Canada, the number of "Nones" increased by about 60% between 1985 and 2004. ", "Sikhs fastest-growing minority in NZ: Census", "There could be more Sikhs in the future maybe", "Our year-long exploration of religions ends with Unitarianian Universalism and paganism", "PRLog (Press Release) "Wicca"- The Fastest Growing Belief System in the World Today! Likewise, certain states, such asNew Jersey, are home to two or three times as many Muslim adults per capita as the national average. Shortly after al-Qaida terrorists attacked the Twin Towers and the Pentagon, many Muslims, as well as other Arab . [279] Syria is home to the largest Druzite community in the world, according to a study published by Columbia University, the number of Syrian Druze increased from 684,000 in 2010 to 730,000 in mid of 2018. Uwe Siemon-Netto confirmed in 2016 that "a global phenomenon is underway: Muslims are converting to various Christian denominations in droves in every part of the world." Indeed, Christian. At the end of 2017, the average age of the Israeli Druze was 27.9. One-fifth of the U.S. public and a third of adults under 30 are religiously unaffiliated today, the highest percentages ever in Pew Research Center polling. [250] According to scholar Todd Hartch of Eastern Kentucky University, by 2005, around 6 million Africans converted to Christianity annually. Islam is now the second most popular religion on the planet with more . [26], The American Religious Identification Survey gave nonreligious groups the largest gain in terms of absolute numbers: 14.3 million (8.4% of the population) to 29.4 million (14.1% of the population) for the period 19902001 in the U.S.[451][452] A 2012 study by the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life reports, "The number of Americans who do not identify with any religion continues to grow at a rapid pace. [362][363], According to Rodney Stark, Islam was spread after military conquests after Arab armies began overtaking Christian regions from Syria to North Africa and Spain,[364] as well as Zoroastrian, Buddhist and Hindu regions in Central Asia, parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia via military invasions,[365][366][367] traders and Sufi missionaries. [332], Generally, there are few reports about how many people leave Islam in Muslim majority countries. Some of the tribes decided that as their loyalty to Islam had been primarily to Muhammad himself, his death . Famed new believers like Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Keith Ellison seem to get all the attentionalong with flamboyant. Since the year 2000, the Israeli Druze community has witnessed a significant decrease in fertility-rate and a significant increase in life expectancy. [38] According to the same study Buddhists "are projected to decline in absolute number, dropping 7% from nearly 500 million in 2015 to 462 million in 2060. [4][5][6] It is projected that birth rates rather than conversion will prove the main factor in the growth of any given religion. Because of the Holocaust, the number had been reduced to 11 million by the end of 1945. It is the same mental and emotional struggle Cottee observed when researching his book. But, unlike some other faiths, Islam gains about as many converts as it loses. But the fact that the shares of people who enter and leave Islam are roughly equal suggests that conversions to and from the faith are having little impact on the groups overall growth. [119][120][121][127][128][129][130], Christians of Muslim background communities can be found in Afghanistan,[131][132] Albania,[133][134][135][136][137][138] Algeria,[139][140][141][142][143] Argentina,[144] Australia,[124] Austria,[145][146] Azerbijan,[147][148] Bangladesh,[149][150] Belgium,[124] Bosnia and Herzegovina,[124] Bulgaria,[151] Canada,[124] Denmark,[152][153] Egypt,[124] Ethiopia,[124] Finland,[154][155] France,[124][156] Georgia (Abkhazia),[157] Germany,[158] Greece,[159][160] India (kashmir),[161] Iran,[162][163][164][165][166][167] Iraq,[168] Kazakhstan,[169] Kosovo,[170][171] Kyrgyzstan,[172][173] Lebanon,[174] Malaysia,[175] Morocco,[176][177][178][179][180] the Netherlands,[181][153] Nigeria,[124] Russia,[124] Saudi Arabia,[124] Singapore,[182] Sweden,[183][184] Syria,[185] Tanzania,[124] Tajikistan,[186] Tunisia,[187][188] Turkey,[189][190][191][192] United Kingdom,[193][194] the United States,[195][196] Uzbekistan,[197] and other countries. [47] It is expected that by 2025 there will be 600million Christians in Africa. And roughly one-in-five cited a reason specific to their experience with Islam, such as being raised Muslim but never connecting with the faith (9%) or disagreeing with the teachings (7%) of Islam. [236] According to Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans, the number of Iranian Americans Muslims decreased from 42% in 2008 to 31% in 2012 according to a telephone survey around the Los Angeles region. [31] According to scholars of religious demographics, there are between 488 million,[32] 495 million,[33] and 535 million[34] Buddhists in the world. [266] By 2012 percentage of Christians on mentioned communities was 71%, more than 30% and 37%,[267] respectively. 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In recent years, "Europe has experienced a record influx of asylum seekers fleeing from Syria and predominantly Muslim .