Magnetic Particle Testing - Level II
1.0 Principles
- 1.1 Theory
- 1.2 Magnets and magnetism
2.0 Flux Fields
- 2.1 Direct current
- 2.2 Direct pulsating current
- 2.3 Alternating current
3.0 Effects of Discontinuities on Materials
- 3.1 Design factors
- 3.2 Relationship to load-carrying ability
4.0 Magnetization by Means of Electric Current
- 4.1 Circular techniques
( Current calculations, Depth-factor considerations, Precautions - safety and overheating, Contact prods and yokes, Discontinuities commonly detected)
4.2 Longitudinal technique
( Principles of induced flux fields, Geometry of part to be inspected, Shapes and sizes of coils, Use of coils and cables, Current calculations, Discontinuities commonly detected)
5.0 Selecting the Proper Method of Magnetization
- 5.1 Alloy, shape, and condition of part
- 5.2 Type of magnetizing current
- 5.3 Direction of magnetic field
- 5.4 Sequence of operations
- 5.5 Value of flux density
6.0 Demagnetization Procedures
- 6.1 Need for demagnetization of parts
- 6.2 Current frequency, and field orientation
- 6.3 Heat factors and precautions
- 6.4 Need for collapsing flux fields
7.0 Equipment
- 7.1 Portable type
- 7.2 Stationary type
- 7.3 Automatic type
- 7.4 Multidirectional units
- 7.5 Liquids and powders
- 7.6 Ultraviolet radiation type
- 7.7 Light-sensitive instruments
8.0 Types of Discontinuities
(In castings, in ingots, in wrought sections and parts, in welds)
9.0 Evaluation Techniques
- 9.1 Use of standards — e.g. ASTM E1444, E709
- 9.2 Defect appraisal
(Need for standards and references, Comparison of known with unknown, Specifications and certifications, Comparison techniques,
( History of part, Manufacturing process, Possible causes of defect, Use of part, Acceptance and rejection criteria, Use of tolerances )
10.0 Quality Control of Equipment and Processes
(Malfunctioning of equipment, Proper magnetic particles and bath liquid, Bath concentration, Settling test, Other bath-strength tests, Tests for Ultraviolet radiation intensity )